]> I&stress;choglans the Grand Signior's Pages or White Eunuchs, who serve in the Seraglio. They are Christians Children, and brought up in a Discipline so severe, as is scarce credible.I&stress;mageF. imagine, imagąn, imagem, of imagoa natural lively Representation of an Object opposed to a smooth well-polish'd Surface, but is generally used for a Representation or Likeness of a Thing, either natural or artificial; a Statue, or Picture.To I&stress;mageto represent.Ima&stress;geryimages, immagini, imaginespainted or carved Work; also Tapestry with Figures.ImagesThemistius relates, that all the Grecian Images, till the time of Dędalus were unformed; and that he was the first Person that made two separate Feet; whereas before they were but one Piece, being only shaved out of Wood or Stone. But in after Ages, when Graving and Carving was invented, they changed the rude Lumps into Figures resembling living Creatures; nevertheless, in more refined Ages, such of the unformed Images as were preserved, were reverenced for their Antiquity, and preferred before the most curious Pieces of the modern Art.I&stress;magesin Rhetorickthe Use of them is to paint Things naturally, and top shew them clearly.I&stress;magesin Poetrytheir End is to cause Astonishment and Surprize.I&stress;magein Physicsis the Trace or Mark which outward Objects impress upon the Mind, by Means of the Organ of Sense.I&stress;magein Opticksis an Object projected on the Base of a convex Mirror.I&stress;magesin Discourseany Thoughts proper to produce Expressions and which present a kind of Picture to the Mind; or, in a more limited Sense, such Discourses as some Persons, when by a kind of Enthusiasm or extraordinary Emotion of hte Soul, they seem to see Things whereof they speak.Impedia&stress;ti CanesLaw Rec.Dogs that are law'd or disabled from doing Mischief in a Forest.Inch of Candle, or Saleis when a large Parcel of Merchandizes are divided into several Parcels, called Lots, and according to the Proposals of Sale; the Buyers bid, while about an Inch of Wax Candle is burning, the last Bidder, before the going out of the Candle, has the lot.Inci&stress;ding Medicinescutting ones, which consist of pointed and sharp Particles, as Acids and most Salts do; by the Insinuation or Force of which they divide the Particles of other Bodies that before cohered one with another.Incubus a Dęmon, who in the Shape of a Man, has carnal Knowledge of a Woman. Incubuswith Physicians a Disease called the Night-Mare, proceeding from raw Humours ascending into the brain, and stopping the Course of the animal Spirits, which opresses People in their Sleep, and seems as if a great Weight were lying upon them. L.Indo&stress;cibleness Indo&stress;cilness Indoci&stress;lityindocilitas indocilité indocilitąunaptness to learn or be taught.Indocilityis represented, in Painting and Sculpture, by a woman lying on the ground, to shew her incapacity of rising higher; an ass standing by her, as an emblem of ignorance; leaning with one arm on a hog as a symbol of stupidity, in a black garment, because black will take no other colour.Indo&stress;ctrinateto instruct or teach.Injuryin Sculpture or Paintingis represented by a woman of an angry, surly aspect, holding in one hand a bundle of thorns, and setting her other hand on her side, as if threatening.Inn-holders

&Innholders;

were incorporated anno 1505. They consist of a master, 3 wardens, about 24 assistants, and 112 on the livery. Their armorial ensigns are azure a chevron argent between 3 oat-garbes or, on a chief of the 2d, St. Julian's cross sable. Their crest a star on a helmet and torse involv'd in clouds. Their supporters two horses. Their hall is on College-hill.Instinctin Painting and Sculptureis properly represented by a boy naked, and in a running posture, his face veil'd, and holding in his hand a sun-flower; the meaning of all which is very obvious.Instructionwas represented by the ancients, in Sculpture and Painting, by a man holding in his hands a looking-glass, about which were written the words; Inspice, &ersand; cautus eris. (Behold thy self, and thou wilt be cautious.)Into&stress;nateintonare to thunder or make a rumbling noise. Intona&stress;tionF. l'inare in Musick, is the giving the tone or key, by the chanter in a cathedral, to the rest of the choir. Into&stress;rtus, a umin Botanical Writing writhed or wrested like a bistort.Latin.Joi&stress;ners

&Joiners;

were incorporated Anno 1570. and are a master, 2 wardens, 24 assistants, and 190 on the livery. Their armorial ensignes are gules a chevron argent betwen 2 pair of compasses above, and a sphere in base or, on a chief of the 3d, two roses of the first, and between them apale sable charged with an escallop-shell of the second. The crest is a demi-grave proper, holding a spear or. The supporters 2 Cupids of the last, the dexter holding a woman crowned with a castle, the sinister a square, both proper. Their hall is in Thams-street, near Dowgate-hill.Iron-mongers

&Ironmongers;

were incorporated 1462, and consist of a master, 2 wardens, 100 assistants (being all on the livery) besides yeomanry. The livery fine is 15l. 12 s. and tht for steward 16l. Their arms are argent on a chevron gules between 3 gads of steel azure, as many pair of shackles or. The crest on the helmet and torse 2 lizards combatant propre, chained or collared, ; no supporters. Their motto, God is our Strength. Their hall is in Fenchurch-street near Billeter-laneIsosce&stress;lesof '/isos, equal, and sk'elosthe leg

&Isosceles;

a triangle that has two legs equal; as in the figure.Ju&stress;stings JustsJoūtes of joūter to run at tiltswere exercises used in former times by such persons, who desired to gain reputation in feats of arms, of whatsoever degree or quality, from the king to the private gentleman; they were usually performed at great solemnities, as marriages of princes; and also on other occasions. The time and place being appointed, challenges were sent abroad into other nations, to all that desired to signalize themselves. And rewards were appointed by the prince for those who came oft conquerors. As for the place it was various; in the year 1395 there was great justing on London-Bridge, between David Earl of Craford in Scotland and the Lord Wells of England, &ersand;c. In the time of king Edward the III. justings were frequent in Cheap-side, and on the north-side of Bow Church, there was a building of stone erected, call'd Sildan or Crownfield, to see the justings that were frequently perform'd there, between the end of Soper-Lane and the Cross. It was built on this occasion, in the year 1330, there was a great justing of all the stout earls, barons and nobles of the realm, which lasted three days, where queen Phillippa, with many ladies, fell from a scaffold of timber, but received no harm; after whichthe king built it strongly of stone for himself, the queen and persons of high rank, to behold the Justings. This Sildan remained till the time of Henry VIII. as it appears that he came thither in the habit of a yeoman of the guard, with a Patison on his shoulder, and having taken a view of the watches of the city, went away undiscoverd.Smithfield also was a place for perfoming these exercises; in the year 1357 great and royal justs were held in Smithfield, their being present the kings of England, France and Scotland, and their nobility. And in the time of Richard II. royal justs and tournaments were procl;aimed by heralds in several courts in Europe, to be performed in Smithfield, to begin on sunday next after the feast of St. Michael. At the day appointed, there issued out of the tower, about 3 in the afternoon, 60 coursers apparalled for the justs, every one an esquire of honour, riding a soft pace, then came forth 60 ladies of honour mounted upon palfreys riding on the one side richly apparelled, and every lady led a knight with a chain of gold. Those knights that were of the king's party, had their armour and apparel adorn'd with white harts, and crowns of gold about the harts necks, and so they rode thro' the streets of London to Smithfield, with a great number of trumpets and other instruments of musick before them. Where the ladies that led the knights, were taken down from their palfreys, and went up to their seats prepared for them.The esquires of honour alighted from their coursers, and the knights mounted. And after the helmets were set on their heads, and theyu were ready at all points, proclamation was made by the herakds, and then the justs began. These justs lasted many days with great feasting. The manner of it was thus, the ground being railed about, in which the Justers were to exercise, the contenders were let in at several barriers, being completely armed from head to foot, and mounted on the stoutest horses; who after they had pay'd their respects to the king, the judges and ladies, they took their several stations, and then the trumpets sounded, and they having couched their lances, that is, having set the but end against their breast, the point towads their adversary, spurred their horses, and ran furiously one against another, so that the points of their spears lighting upon the armour of each other, gave a terrible shock, and generally flew to pieces.If neither party received any injury, they wheel'd about, took fresh lances, and ran a 2d time, and so a third, and if neither suffered any disgrace in 3 encounters, they both came off with honour.There were many circumstances relating to these performances; as if a man was unhorsed, he was quite disgraced, or if he was shaken in the saddle, or let his lance fall, or lost any piece of his armour, or wounded his antagonist's horse, &ersand;c. all which were accounted disreputable. And there were also certain rules for distributing the prizes to them that behaved themselves with the greatest gallantry.